In the realm of fluid control, when it comes to regulating or shutting off the flow of liquids and gases, ball valves are favored due to their reliability and user-friendliness. Among them, the trunnion ball valve and the floating ball valve are commonly encountered. Although both serve the fundamental purpose of fluid control, their design configurations and application scenarios vary considerably. The following presents an in-depth analysis of these two types of ball valves.

I. Structural Characteristics

• Trunnion Ball Valve: The trunnion ball valve is equipped with a fixed ball supported by trunnions. These trunnions are installed within the valve body, enabling the ball to rotate while remaining stationary at its center. This design is highly suitable for high-pressure applications and offers robust stability and support to the ball.

• Floating Ball Valve: In contrast, the floating ball valve has a ball that is not fixed. The ball “floats” between the two valve seats. When pressure is exerted, the ball moves slightly in the downstream direction, thereby creating a tight seal against the upstream seat. This design feature renders the floating ball valve more appropriate for low-pressure applications.

II. Application Domains

• Trunnion Ball Valve: It is frequently utilized in high-pressure and high-flow application scenarios, such as oil and gas pipelines, power plants, and large-scale industrial systems. Its sturdy design allows it to handle large volumes of fluid with minimal pressure drop.

• Floating Ball Valve: It is typically found in smaller-scale applications, like water supply systems, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems, and chemical processing operations. Such valves perform well in applications where the pressure is relatively low and the flow rate is manageable.

III. Performance and Sealing Effectiveness

• Trunnion Ball Valve: Owing to its fixed ball design, the trunnion ball valve exhibits excellent sealing capabilities, especially under high-pressure circumstances. The mechanical advantage of the trunnion design minimizes wear on the seals, leading to an extended service life.

• Floating Ball Valve: While the floating ball valve can achieve a good seal under lower pressure, its performance may not be as satisfactory under extreme conditions. The movement of the ball over time can cause wear on the seals, which may result in leaks if not properly maintained.

IV. Maintenance and Servicing

• Trunnion Ball Valve: Due to its durable design, the trunnion ball valve generally requires less frequent maintenance. However, when maintenance is necessary, the process can be more complex due to the valve’s construction.

• Floating Ball Valve: The floating ball valve is usually easier to maintain. Its simpler design allows for straightforward disassembly and reassembly, facilitating the replacement of seals or other components.

V. Respective Advantages

• Trunnion Ball Valve
  • High-Pressure Handling Capability: Specifically designed to handle high-pressure applications effectively. The trunnion design ensures that the ball is firmly held in place, providing a reliable seal even under high pressure.
  • Low Operating Torque: Requires less torque to operate, making it more convenient for opening and closing. This feature is particularly beneficial for manual operations or when using smaller actuators.
  • Enhanced Durability: Manufactured from high-quality materials such as carbon steel or stainless steel, it is resistant to corrosion and wear, ensuring a longer lifespan.
  • Reliable Shut-Off: Can achieve a tight shut-off, reducing the risk of leaks and enhancing safety in critical applications.
  • Versatility: Suitable for both low and high-pressure situations and can be used in a variety of industries, including oil and gas, chemical, and petrochemical.

• Floating Ball Valve
  • Simple Design: Has a simpler design compared to the trunnion ball valve, making it easier to manufacture and maintain.
  • Cost-Effective: Generally more cost-effective due to its simpler construction and lower material requirements.
  • Effective Sealing: The ball is free to move slightly, which helps in creating a tight seal by pressing against the downstream seat when the valve is closed.
  • Versatility: Applicable to a wide range of applications, including water, gas, and oil pipelines.
  • Ease of Operation: Easy to operate and can be quickly opened or closed, making it ideal for applications requiring frequent operation.

VI. Industry Application Examples

• Floating Ball Valve
  • Water Treatment Systems: Used for precisely controlling water flow.
  • Chemical Industries: Suitable for low to moderate pressure pipelines.
  • Residential Gas Pipelines: Commonly used in household gas systems.

• Trunnion Ball Valve
  • Oil and Gas Pipelines: Capable of handling high-pressure hydrocarbons and gases.
  • Chemical Processing: Effectively manages corrosive and high-pressure chemicals.
  • Power Generation: Precisely controls steam and high-pressure fluids in power plants.

VII. Conclusion

Both the trunnion ball valve and the floating ball valve possess their unique advantages and are suitable for different application requirements. The choice between the two depends on the specific demands of the application, such as pressure levels, the need for manual or automated operation, and the type of fluid being controlled. The trunnion ball valve excels in water treatment, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and residential gas pipelines. Whereas, the floating ball valve is more advantageous in oil and gas pipelines, chemical processing, and power generation.